Sleep Disorder

Sleep disorders | Dr Pradeep chaurasia

What are sleep disorders?

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. Whether they are caused by a health problem or by too much stress, sleep disorders are becoming increasingly common in the India. Most people occasionally experience sleeping problems due to stress, hectic schedules, and other outside influences. However, when these issues begin to occur on a regular basis and interfere with daily life, they may indicate a sleeping disorder. Depending on the type of sleep disorder, people may have a difficult time falling asleep and may feel extremely tired throughout the day. The lack of sleep can have a negative impact on energy, mood, concentration, and overall health. In some cases, sleep disorders can be a symptom of another medical or mental health condition. These sleeping problems may eventually go away once treatment is obtained for the underlying cause. When sleep disorders aren’t caused by another condition, treatment normally involves a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes. It’s important to receive a diagnosis and treatment right away if you suspect you might have a sleep disorder. When left untreated, the negative effects of sleep disorders can lead to further health consequences. They can also affect your performance at work, cause strain in relationships, and impair your ability to perform daily activities.

What are the different types of sleep disorders?

There are many different types of sleep disorders. Some may be caused by other underlying health conditions.

Insomnia

Insomnia refers to the inability to fall asleep or to remain asleep. It can be caused by jet lag, stress and anxiety, hormones, or digestive problems. It may also be a symptom of another condition.
Insomnia can be problematic for your overall health and quality of life, potentially causing:

• depression
• difficulty concentrating
• irritability
• weight gain
• impaired work or school performance

Unfortunately, insomnia is extremely common. Up to 50 percent of Indian adults experience it at some point in their lives. The disorder is most prevalent among older adults and women. Insomnia is usually classified as one of three types:

• chronic, when insomnia happens on a regular basis for at least 1 month
• intermittent, when insomnia occurs periodically
• transient, when insomnia lasts for just a few nights at a time

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. This is a serious medical condition that causes the body to take in less oxygen. It can also cause you to wake up during the night.
There are two types: obstructive sleep apnea, where the flow of air stops because airway space is obstructed or too narrow, and central sleep apnea, where there is a problem in the connection between the brain and the muscles that control your breath.

Parasomnias

Parasomnias are a class of sleep disorders that cause abnormal movements and behaviours during sleep. They include:

• sleepwalking
• sleep talking
• groaning
• nightmares
• bedwetting
• teeth grinding or jaw clenching
• Restless leg syndrome

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is an overwhelming need to move the legs. This urge is sometimes accompanied by a tingling sensation in the legs. While these symptoms can also occur during the day, they are most prevalent at night. RLS is often associated with certain health conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson’s disease, but the exact cause isn’t always known.

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is characterized by “sleep attacks” that occur while awake. This means that you will suddenly feel extremely tired and fall asleep without warning. The disorder can also cause sleep paralysis, which may make you physically unable to move right after waking up. Although narcolepsy may occur on its own, it is also associated with certain neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.

What are the symptoms of sleep disorders?

Symptoms differ depending on the severity and type of sleeping disorder. They may also vary when sleep disorders are a result of another condition. However, general symptoms of sleep disorders include:

• difficulty falling or staying asleep
• daytime fatigue
• strong urge to take naps during the day
• unusual breathing patterns
• unusual or unpleasant urges to move while falling asleep
• unusual movement or other experiences while asleep
• unintentional changes to your sleep/wake schedule
• irritability or anxiety
• impaired performance at work or school
• lack of concentration
• depression
• weight gain